Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Renin – Angiotensin – Aldosterone System Clinical background Activation of the renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system is an importa...Read More
Showing posts with label Endocrine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Endocrine. Show all posts
ADRENAL CRISIS
ADRENAL CRISIS A drenal crisis, or acute adrenal insufficiency, is a potentially life-threatening emergency which occurs as a result of c...Read More
SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCAEMIA
SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCAEMIA H ypoglycaemia can be defined as a plasma glucose of <2.5 mmol/L with symptoms of neuroglycopaenia. The mec...Read More
INHERITED ENDOCRINE TUMOUR SYNDROMES
INHERITED ENDOCRINE TUMOUR SYNDROMES Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Three tumour types predominate in MEN-1 (Figure 33.1): 1. ...Read More
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS: MANAGEMENT
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS: MANAGEMENT T reatment should always aim to cure if possible but as most patients present with local or distant me...Read More
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS Definition Historically referred to as carcinoid tumours, neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) arise from neuroendocrine...Read More
ANATOMY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
ANATOMY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND The pituitary gland is reddish gray and ovoid, measuring about 12 mm transversely, 8...Read More
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND The pituitary gland receives its arterial blood supply from two paired systems of vessels: from ab...Read More
DIVISIONS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS
DIVISIONS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is composed of the neurohypoph...Read More
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PITUITARY GLAND The pituitary gland, also termed the hypophysis , consists of two major components, the adenohypoph...Read More
Infertility
Infertility Definition and aetiology Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse. It ...Read More
GYNAECOMASTIA
GYNAECOMASTIA Definition Gynaecomastia is a condition of benign hyperplasia of the breast tissue in men and should be distinguished f...Read More
MALE HYPOGONADISM
MALE HYPOGONADISM Definition Hypogonadism relates to a failure of the testes to produce sufficient testosterone. It can be divided in...Read More
MENOPAUSE AND HRT
MENOPAUSE AND HRT Definition The menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation as a result of ovarian failure. The ...Read More
HYPERANDROGENISM
HYPERANDROGENISM Hirsutism Hirsutism is defined as the presence of excess hair growth in women occurring in an androgen-dependent pat...Read More
MENSTRUAL DISTURBANCE
MENSTRUAL DISTURBANCE Definition Menstrual disturbance is classified as: · Amenorrhoea – absent menses for >6 months. This...Read More
GROWTH, PUBERTY AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION
GROWTH, PUBERTY AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION Normal growth Postnatal linear growth may be divided into three phases: infancy, childhood...Read More
Physiology Of The Reproductive System
Physiology Of The Reproductive System Physiology of female reproduction The menstrual cycle The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 da...Read More
Disorders Of The Adrenal Medulla
Disorders Of The Adrenal Medulla Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma Definition Phaeochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumo...Read More
Adrenocortical Tumours
Adrenocortical Tumours Adrenal Cushing’s syndrome Adrenal tumours cause Cushing’s syndrome when they secrete glucocorticoids or their...Read More
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