B‐CELLS RESPOND TO THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTIGEN
B‐CELLS RESPOND TO THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTIGEN There are three main types of B ‐ cell that respond to infection by secreting antibod...Read More
Showing posts with label Immunology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Immunology. Show all posts
DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS AT THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE
DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS AT THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE As we have described above, successful TCR triggering involves a multitude of signal tr...Read More
DAMPING T‐CELL ENTHUSIASM
DAMPING T‐CELL ENTHUSIASM We have frequently reiterated the premise that no self ‐ respecting organism would permit the operation of an ex...Read More
METABOLIC CONTROL OF T‐CELL DIFFERENTIATION
METABOLIC CONTROL OF T‐CELL DIFFERENTIATION It should now be clear that metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in T ‐ cell activatio...Read More
ACTIVATED T‐CELLS UNDERGO AN ESSENTIAL METABOLIC SHIFT Metabolic reprogramming drives T ‐ cell activation and effector differentiation ...Read More
EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF T‐CELL ACTIVATION
EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF T‐CELL ACTIVATION Epigenetic control of gene expression regulates T ‐ cell activation and differentiation Activat...Read More
ACTIVATED T‐CELLS EXHIBIT DISTINCT GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES
ACTIVATED T‐CELLS EXHIBIT DISTINCT GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES Because there are a multitude of infectious agents, running the gamut from ...Read More
CD28 CO‐STIMULATION AMPLIFIES TCR SIGNALS AND BLOCKS APOPTOSIS
CD28 CO‐STIMULATION AMPLIFIES TCR SIGNALS AND BLOCKS APOPTOSIS As we have frequently noted, naive T ‐ cells typically require two signals...Read More
T‐LYMPHOCYTES AND ANTIGEN‐PRESENTING CELLS INTERACT THROUGH SEVERAL PAIRS OF ACCESSORY MOLECULES
T‐LYMPHOCYTES AND ANTIGEN‐PRESENTING CELLS INTERACT THROUGH SEVERAL PAIRS OF ACCESSORY MOLECULES Before we delve into the nuts and bolts...Read More
THE ACTIVATION OF T‐CELLS REQUIRES TWO SIGNALS
THE ACTIVATION OF T‐CELLS REQUIRES TWO SIGNALS Stimulation of the TCR by MHC–peptide (which can be mimicked by antibodies directed agains...Read More
TRIGGERING THE T‐CELL RECEPTOR COMPLEX
TRIGGERING THE T‐CELL RECEPTOR COMPLEX Let us now consider a situation in which a T ‐ cell has encountered a DC displaying the correct pep...Read More
PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IS AN EARLY EVENT IN T‐CELL SIGNALING
PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IS AN EARLY EVENT IN T‐CELL SIGNALING Interaction between the TCR and MHC–peptide complex is greatly enh...Read More
DOWNSTREAM EVENTS FOLLOWING TCR SIGNALING
DOWNSTREAM EVENTS FOLLOWING TCR SIGNALING The Ras–MAP kinase pathway Ras is a small G ‐ protein that is constitutively associated with ...Read More
THE HANDLING OF ANTIGEN
THE HANDLING OF ANTIGEN Where does antigen go when it enters the body? If it penetrates the tissues, it will be carried by the lymph to th...Read More
BONE MARROW IS A MAJOR SITE OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS
BONE MARROW IS A MAJOR SITE OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS Although B‐cells mature in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells, upon maturati...Read More
LYMPH NODES
LYMPH NODES The encapsulated tissue of the lymph nodes acts as a filter for lymph draining the body tissues (Figure 6.15a). The lymph, whi...Read More
LYMPHOCYTE HOMING
LYMPHOCYTE HOMING This traffic of lymphocytes throughout the body enables these antigen‐specific cells to seek “their” antigen and to be d...Read More
Organized Lymphoid Tissue
Organized Lymphoid Tissue The role of the bone marrow in hematopoiesis and of the thymus in T‐cell development will be discussed in Chapte...Read More
The Blood and Lymphatic Systems
The Blood a nd Lymphatic Systems As mentioned already, many cells of the immune system, particularly lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, ...Read More
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