Duodenal Fossae and Ligament of Treitz: Anatomy, Location and Clinical Significance

Duodenal Fossae and Ligament of Treitz: Anatomy, Location and Clinical Significance

pediagenosis    September 29, 2026    Comment   

DUODENAL FOSSAE AND LIGAMENT OF TREITZ

The duodenojejunal flexure lies left of the midline at the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz, suspensory ligament of the duodenum) is a flat, fibromuscular ligament arising from the right crus of the diaphragm near the aortic hiatus. It passes, with individual variations, inferior to the left of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, posterior to the pancreas, to reach the duodenojejunal flexure. The smooth muscle cells of the ligament are largely continuous with the musculature of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries; at the intestinal attachment they are connected with the longitudinal muscular layer of the gut, some extending as far as the mesentery of the small intestine. The attachment of the ligament to the duodenum may be quite narrow or it may extend over a considerable portion of the third part of the duodenum. If the suspensory ligament of the duodenum is short, the duodenojejunal flexure is high; if it is long, the flexure may lie so low that the terminal duodenal segment does not take the usual ascending course.

Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections Anatomy

Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 29, 2026   

Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections Anatomy

Orbicularis oris muscle, Buccinator muscle, Buccopharyngeal fascia, Facial artery and vein, Pterygomandibular raphe, Lingual nerve and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, Buccal nerve and branches, Masseter muscle, Palatoglossus muscle in palatoglossal arch, Palatine tonsil, Palatopharyngeus muscle in palatopharyngeal arch, Ramus of mandible, Inferior alveolar artery, vein, and nerve to mylohyoid muscle, Medial pterygoid muscle, Styloglossus muscle.

Radioulnar Joints Anatomy: Proximal, Distal, Pronation & Supination

Radioulnar Joints Anatomy: Proximal, Distal, Pronation & Supination

pediagenosis    September 28, 2026   

Radioulnar Joints Anatomy

The radius and ulna articulate at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, which are synovial. At the proximal joint, the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna (Fig. 3.88). The head and neck are encircled by the anular ligament, which attaches to the anterior and posterior margins of the notch on the ulna (Fig. 3.92) and blends with the capsule and radial collateral ligament of the elbow. Thus the cavity of the proximal joint is continuous with that of the elbow.

Skin Keratinization: Process, Stages, and Functions of the Stratum Corneum

Skin Keratinization: Process, Stages, and Functions of the Stratum Corneum

pediagenosis    September 28, 2026    Comment   

Skin Physiology : The Process Of Keratinization

Keratinization, also known as cornification, is unique to the epithelium of the skin. Keratinization of the human skin is of paramount importance; it allows humans to live on dry land. The process of keratinization begins in the basal layer of the epidermis and continues upward until full keratinization has occurred in the stratum corneum. The function and purpose of keratinization is to form the stratum corneum.

Stomach Anatomy: Parts, Relations, Normal Variations, and Functions

Stomach Anatomy: Parts, Relations, Normal Variations, and Functions

pediagenosis    September 27, 2026    Comment   

Anatomy, Normal Variations, and Relations of Stomach

The stomach is an enlarged reservoir of the proximal digestive tract, in which ingested food is soaked in gastric juice containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid and then released spasmodically into the duodenum by gastric peristalsis. The form and size of the stomach vary considerably, depending on the position of the body and the degree of filling.

Esophagus in Situ Anatomy

Esophagus in Situ Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 27, 2026    Comment   

Esophagus in Situ Anatomy

Common carotid artery, Anterior scalene muscle, Phrenic nerve, Posterior scalene muscle, Brachial plexus, Subclavian artery, Thyrocervical trunk, Vagus nerve (CN X) 1st rib (cut), Brachiocephalic trunk, Trachea, Arch of aorta, Arch of azygos vein, Right main bronchus, Thoracic part of esophagus, Esophageal plexus, Mediastinal part of parietal pleura (cut edge), Anterior vagal trunk (CN X), Inferior vena cava (cut), Hepatic veins (cut), 

Autonomic Nerves of Thorax Anatomy

Autonomic Nerves of Thorax Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 26, 2026   

Autonomic Nerves of Thorax Anatomy

Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion, Ansa subclavian, Cervical cardiac nerves (sympathetic and vagal), Thoracic (sympathetic) cardiac branches, Sympathetic trunk, Vagus nerve (CN X) (cut) and branches to cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, Thoracic (sympathetic) cardiac branches, Anterior pulmonary plexus, Gray and white rami communicantes, Posterior pulmonary plexus (protruding from behind right bronchus), 6th intercostal nerve, 6th thoracic ganglion, Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve, Sympathetic branch to esophageal plexus, Thoracic duct, 

Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements Anatomy

Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 25, 2026    Comment   

Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements Anatomy

Iliolumbar ligament, Iliac crest, Acetabular margin, Ischial tuberosity, Lesser sciatic foramen, Sacrotuberous ligament, Sacrospinous ligament, Anterior superior iliac spine, Greater sciatic foramen, Supraspinous ligament, Posterior sacral foramina, Iliac fossa, Iliolumbar ligament, Anterior longitudinal ligament, Pubic symphysis, Anterior sacrococcygeal ligaments, Pubic tubercle Ischiopubic ramus, Coccyx, Anterior sacral foramina, Anterior view, Superior pubic ramus, Lesser sciatic foramen, Anterior inferior iliac spine, Sacrospinous ligament, Sacrotuberous ligament, Anterior superior iliac spine, Greater sciatic foramen, Sacral promontory, Anterior sacroiliac ligament, Posterior view, Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament, Deep, Superficial, Posterior superior iliac spine, Posterior sacroiliac ligaments, Iliac tubercle, Tendon of long head of biceps femoris muscle

Renal Fasciae Anatomy

Renal Fasciae Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 25, 2026    Comment   

Renal Fasciae Anatomy

Lung, Liver, Bare area of liver, Peritoneum, Right kidney, Right colic (hepatic) flexure, Fibrous capsule of kidney, Anterior and posterior layers of renal (Gerota’s) fascia, Sagittal section through right kidney and lumbar region demonstrates vertical disposition of renal fascia Iliac crest, Quadratus lumborum muscle, Transversalis fascia 12th rib, Respiratory diaphragm,

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 25, 2026    Comment   

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve, Genitofemoral nerve, Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, Femoral nerve, Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4), Posterior branch, Articular branch, Anterior branch, Posterior branch, Cutaneous branch, Articular branch,