Manifestations of Disease of Tongue

Manifestations of Disease of Tongue

pediagenosis    May 02, 2026   

Manifestations of Disease of Tongue

As a consequence of the easy accessibility to clinical inspection, the tongue, in the course of medical history, has played a rather special role as a diagnostic indicator of systemic disease. The degree of moisture or dryness of the lingual mucosa may indicate disturbances of fluid balance. Changes in color and the appearance of edema, swelling, ulcers, and inflammation or atrophy of the lingual papillae may represent signs of endocrine, nutritional, hematologic, metabolic, or hepatic disorders, infectious diseases, or aberrant ingestions. On the other hand, it should be recognized that the tongue participates with the gingivae and the buccal mucosa in localized pathologic processes of the oral cavity, and that a number of conditions exist in which the surface or the parenchyma of the tongue itself is exclusively involved.

Benign Tumors of Oral Cavity

Benign Tumors of Oral Cavity

pediagenosis    May 02, 2026   

Benign Tumors of Oral Cavity

Tumors of the oral cavity are very diversified. Only a select few can be discussed here. A fibroma may be found on the gingiva, lips, palate, and buccal mucosa. It is hard or soft and pale or reddish, depending on the density of collagen and the abundance of vascular elements. The gingival fibroma (fibrous epulis) is usually derived from the periosteum. It is sessile or pedunculated, well defined, and slow growing.

Acute Abdomen in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Emergency Treatment Guide

Acute Abdomen in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Emergency Treatment Guide

pediagenosis    March 31, 2026    Comment   

🩺 Acute Abdomen in Children: Causes, Symptoms & Emergency Treatment

The acute abdomen.

Abdominal pain is one of the most common reasons children visit clinics and emergency departments. While most cases are mild, some may indicate serious conditions like appendicitis, bowel obstruction, or peritonitis that require urgent treatment.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in Children: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Emergency Treatment

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in Children: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Emergency Treatment

pediagenosis    March 31, 2026    Comment   

What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Insulin action.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes caused by insulin deficiency, leading to:

·  Hyperglycemia

·  Dehydration

·  Ketone production

·  Metabolic acidosis

DKA is most common in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and may be the first sign of the disease.

Respiratory Distress in Children : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Emergency Treatment Guide

Respiratory Distress in Children : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Emergency Treatment Guide

pediagenosis    March 31, 2026    Comment   

What is Respiratory Distress?

Physical examination findings in respiratory distress.

Respiratory distress is a serious condition where breathing becomes difficult due to impaired oxygen intake or carbon dioxide removal. It is one of the most common emergency conditions in children and can rapidly progress to respiratory failure if not treated immediately.

Newborn Baby Care Guide: Normal Signs, Apgar Score, Resuscitation & IUGR Explained

Newborn Baby Care Guide: Normal Signs, Apgar Score, Resuscitation & IUGR Explained

pediagenosis    March 30, 2026    Comment   

The normal newborn

The vast majority of babies are born in good condition at full term and do not require any medical involvement. Most babies in the UK are born in hospital, where a paediatrician is usually available to attend ‘high-risk’ deliveries, where it is anticipated that resuscitation will be required. A healthy newborn infant should cry soon after birth, have pink mucous membranes, good muscle tone, a normal heart rate and regular respiration. They can be dried and placed on the mother’s chest. The cord is clamped after a minute or two. Skin-to-skin care helps establish breastfeeding. Newborn babies, especially premature babies, are covered in a waxy material called vernix. Post-term infants may have very dry, cracked skin. Babies pass a green – black stool called meconium that changes to a normal yellow – brown seedy stool after a few days. It is recommended that infants be given vitamin K at birth to prevent potentially catastrophic bleeding. Newborn infants are routinely examined within the first few days to exclude congenital abnormalities (see Chapter 10) and have blood taken from a heel prick around day 5 to screen for hypothyroidism and metabolic disorders (see Chapter 7).

Genetics and Inherited Disorders: Imprinting, Chromosomal Abnormalities & Genetic Testing Guide

Genetics and Inherited Disorders: Imprinting, Chromosomal Abnormalities & Genetic Testing Guide

pediagenosis    March 30, 2026    Comment   

Genetics And Inherited Disorders

Unusual patterns of inheritance

Imprinting: Certain genetic disorders show a phenomenon called imprinting—where the expression of the allele depends on which parent it is inherited from. For example, in Angelman’s syndrome, the abnormal deleted genes are on the maternally derived chromosome 15, but the normal paternal copy is imprinted (silenced) and so the child develops features of the disease including neurodegenerative disease, seizures, hand-flapping and an unusually happy demeanour. The same genetic material, if deleted from the paternal chromosome 15, with the maternal genes imprinted, leads to Prader– Willi syndrome, with neonatal hypotonia and feeding difficulties, developmental delay and later onset obesity and delayed sexual development.

Complete Health Screening Guide: Pregnancy, Newborn & Child Screening Explained

Complete Health Screening Guide: Pregnancy, Newborn & Child Screening Explained

pediagenosis    March 30, 2026    Comment   

Screening

Screening atms to identify unrecognized disease in apparently well people. The cost must be considered and balanced against that of treatment if the problem presents later. Conditions suitable for screening should:

CARBOHYDRATE MALABSORPTION, INCLUDING LACTOSE MALABSORPTION

CARBOHYDRATE MALABSORPTION, INCLUDING LACTOSE MALABSORPTION

pediagenosis    February 19, 2026    Comment   

CARBOHYDRATE MALABSORPTION, INCLUDING LACTOSE MALABSORPTION

Carbohydrate malabsorption is a frequent clinical condition caused by fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates by colonic flora and giving rise to symptoms. Although lactose is the most commonly malabsorbed sugar, other carbohydrates, including oligosaccharides, disaccharides, and monosaccharides such as fructose, can cause symptoms related to malabsorption.

LYMPHANGIECTASIA AND ABETALIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY

LYMPHANGIECTASIA AND ABETALIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY

pediagenosis    February 19, 2026    Comment   

LYMPHANGIECTASIA AND ABETALIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY

Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is an unusual disorder characterized by dilated lymphatic channels in the mucosa, submucosa, or subserosa of the small intestine, leading to protein-losing enteropathy. Waldman originally described an idiopathic form, primary intestinal lymphangiectasia; however, obstruction to the flow of lymph in certain cardiac diseases or hematologic malignant diseases and retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement due to chemotherapeutic, infectious, or toxic agents can secondarily lead to lymphangiectasias that present in the same manner as primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.