Obturator Nerve Anatomy

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 25, 2026    Comment   

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve, Genitofemoral nerve, Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, Femoral nerve, Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4), Posterior branch, Articular branch, Anterior branch, Posterior branch, Cutaneous branch, Articular branch, 

Arteries of Knee and Foot Anatomy

Arteries of Knee and Foot Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 24, 2026    Comment   

Arteries of Knee and Foot Anatomy

Femoral artery, Descending genicular artery, Articular branch, Saphenous branch, Superior medial genicular artery, Popliteal artery (phantom), Middle genicular artery (phantom), Inferior medial genicular artery (partially in phantom), Anterior tibial recurrent artery, Posterior tibial artery (phantom), Fibular artery (phantom), Deep plantar artery, 

Joints of the Foot Anatomy

Joints of the Foot Anatomy

pediagenosis    April 28, 2025   

Joints of the Foot Anatomy

These joints include those between the tarsal bones, the metatarsals and the phalanges. They are all synovial and have shapes related to their movements.

Femoral Nerve and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Anatomy

Femoral Nerve and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 30, 2021    Comment   

Femoral Nerve and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Anatomy

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2, 3), Femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4), Obturator nerve, Iliacus muscle, Psoas major muscle, Articular branch, Sartorius muscle (cut and reflected), Pectineus muscle, Quadriceps femoris muscle, Rectus femoris muscle (cut and reflected), 

Sciatic Nerve and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Anatomy

Sciatic Nerve and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 26, 2021    Comment   

Sciatic Nerve and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Anatomy

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1, 2, 3), Inferior cluneal nerves, Perineal branches, Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4, 5, S1, 2, 3), Long head (cut) of biceps femoris muscle, Adductor magnus muscle (also supplied by obturator nerve), Semitendinosus muscle, Semimembranosus muscle, Tibial nerve, Articular branch, Plantaris muscle, 

Tibial Nerve Anatomy

Tibial Nerve Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 26, 2021    Comment   

Tibial Nerve Anatomy

Tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1, 2, 3), Medial sural cutaneous nerve (cut), Articular branches, Plantaris muscle, Gastrocnemius muscle (cut), Nerve to popliteus muscle, Popliteus muscle, Crural interosseous nerve, Soleus muscle (cut and partly retracted), Flexor digitorum longus muscle, Tibialis posterior muscle, Flexor hallucis longus muscle, Sural nerve (cut), Lateral calcaneal branch, Medial calcaneal branch, Flexor retinaculum (cut), Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve, 

Arteries of Thigh and Knee Anatomy

Arteries of Thigh and Knee Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 26, 2021    Comment   

Arteries of Thigh and Knee Anatomy

External iliac artery, Inferior epigastric artery, Superficial epigastric artery, Superficial external pudendal artery, Obturator artery, Deep external pudendal artery, Medial circumflex femoral artery, Femoral artery, Muscular branches, Descending genicular artery, Articular branch, Saphenous branch, Superior medial genicular artery, Popliteal artery (phantom), 

Cross Sectional Anatomy of Hip Axial View Anatomy

Cross Sectional Anatomy of Hip Axial View Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 26, 2021   

Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip: Axial View Anatomy

Gluteus minimus muscle, Pubofemoral ligament, Acetabular labrum, Gluteus maximus muscle, Gluteus maximus tendon, Femoral head, Greater trochanter, Ischiofemoral ligament, Acetabular labrum, Superior gemellus muscle and tendon, Levator ani muscle, Gluteus medius muscle, Joint fluid Iliofemoral ligament, Ligament of femoral head, Sartorius muscle, 

Leg Serial Cross Sections Anatomy

Leg Serial Cross Sections Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 12, 2021   

Leg: Serial Cross Sections Anatomy

Tibial nerve, Posterior tibial artery and vein, Gastrocnemius muscle, Tibialis anterior muscle, Patellar ligament insertion, Popliteus muscle, Tibialis posterior muscle, Extensor digitorum longus muscle, Fibularis brevis muscle, Fibula, Saphenous nerve, Tibia, Sartorius tendon, Medial sural cutaneous nerve, Medial sural cutaneous nerve, Soleus muscle, Anterior tibial artery, Flexor hallucis longus muscle, Common fibular nerve, Fibularis longus muscle, 

Osteology of Knee Anatomy

Osteology of Knee Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 12, 2021    Comment   

Osteology of Knee Anatomy

Lateral epicondyle, Lateral condyle, Trochlear groove, Adductor tubercle, Medial epicondyle, Medial condyle, Intercondylar fossa, Lateral condyle, Lateral epicondyle, Superior pole, Inferior pole, Anterior view, Anterior, Posterior view, Medial facet Posterior, Medial facet, Odd facet, Lateral facet, Lateral facet, Superior view.

Anatomy of Foot Nerves and Arteries Anatomy

Anatomy of Foot Nerves and Arteries Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 12, 2021   

Anatomy of Foot: Nerves and Arteries Anatomy

Dorsal view, Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve, Supplies skin on medial sides and dorsal region of foot, and adjacent sides of 2nd and 3rd digits of foot, Anterior tibial artery, Posterior tibial artery, Posterior tibial artery, Anterior and posterior medial malleolar arteries, Anterior lateral malleolar arteries, Anterior tibial artery, Anterior and posterior medial malleolar arteries, Dorsalis pedis artery, Medial tarsal arteries, Arcuate artery, Dorsal metatarsal arteries, 

Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot Anatomy

Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 12, 2021    Comment   

Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot Anatomy

Anterior tibial artery, Deep peroneal nerve, Fibula, Extensor digitorum longus muscle and tendon, Tibia, Peroneus longus tendon, Small saphenous vein, Sural nerve, Peroneus brevis muscle and tendon, Interosseous membrane, Tibialis posterior tendon, Tibialis anterior muscle and tendon, Extensor hallucis longus muscle and tendon, Flexor digitorum, 

Peroneus tertius tendon longus tendon, Flexor retinaculum, Tibial nerve, Flexor hallucis longus muscle and tendon, Plantaris tendon, Soleus muscle and tendon, Gastrocnemius tendon, Posterior tibial artery, Great saphenous vein, Superior extensor retinaculum, Superior extensor retinaculum, Posterior talocalcaneal ligament, Extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscle and tendons, Deep fibular nerve, Anterior tibial artery, Anterior talofibular ligament, Extensor hallucis longus muscle and tendon, Flexor hallucis longus tendon, Tibialis anterior tendon Tibia, Talus, Medial malleolus, Peroneus longus tendon, Calcaneus, Small saphenous vein, Origin of plantar aponeurosis, Tibiocalcaneal part of deltoid ligament, Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, Flexor digitorum longus tendon, Sustentaculum tali, Lateral plantar artery and nerve, Abductor hallucis muscle, Medial plantar artery and nerve, Flexor retinaculum, Great saphenous vein, Posterior tibial tendon, Peroneus brevis tendon, Quadratus plantae muscle, Axial view, Coronal view.

Anatomy of Toenail

Anatomy of Toenail

pediagenosis    May 12, 2021    Comment   

Anatomy of Toenail

The average growth rate of toenails is about 1 mm a month. The rounded shape of the free edge of the nails is dictated by the shape of the lunula. After avulsion of a nail, the free edge of the new one grows parallel to the lunula.

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh Anatomy

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 08, 2021    Comment   

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh Anatomy

The anterior compartment is the largest in the thigh, occupying the region between the inguinal ligament and the knee. Lateral and anteromedial intermuscular septa separate the contents from the posterior (hamstring) and medial (adductor) compartments, respectively (Fig. 6.2). The anterior compartment (Fig. 6.12) contains quadriceps femoris, sartorius and the tendon of iliopsoas, and is innervated by the femoral nerve. The femoral artery and vein, the principal vessels of the lower limb, traverse the compartment and leave via the opening in adductor magnus to gain the popliteal fossa.

Subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia)

The subcutaneous tissue contains the great (long) saphenous vein and its tributaries with their accompanying arteries, superficial inguinal lymph nodes and cutaneous nerves. The great saphenous vein ascends on the medial side of the thigh (Fig. 6.11) and passes through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata to empty into the femoral vein. The great saphenous vein drains the superficial tissues of the entire limb except the lateral side of the leg and foot. Near its termination, the vein receives tributaries, which drain the buttock, the perineum and the abdominal wall below the umbilicus. These tributaries are accompanied by corresponding branches of the femoral artery. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes, often palpable in the living, lie just distal and parallel to the inguinal ligament and adjacent to the termination of the great saphenous vein (Fig. 6.11). These nodes receive lymph from the same superficial tissues as those drained by the great saphenous vein and its tributaries. Efferent lymphatics from the superficial nodes pass through the fascia lata and drain into the deep inguinal nodes within the femoral triangle and femoral canal, where nodes are a focal point in lymphatic drainage of the lower limb (p. 257).

Medial Compartment of the Thigh Anatomy

Medial Compartment of the Thigh Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 08, 2021    Comment   

Medial Compartment of the Thigh Anatomy

The medial compartment of the thigh is wedge­shaped and lies between the anterior and posterior compartments. It contains pectineus, adductors longus, brevis and magnus, gracilis and obturator externus. The obturator nerve and vessels and the profunda femoris vessels, together with their perforating branches, supply the compartment.

Muscles

The muscles are arranged in three layers. The anterior layer consists of pectineus, adductor longus and gracilis, from lateral to medial (Fig. 6.21). Deep to these, forming the intermediate layer, is adductor brevis (Figs 6.22 & 6.23). The posterior layer consists of obturator externus and adductor magnus (Figs 6.24 & 6.25). The proximal attachments of these muscles are to the outer surface of the bony pelvis between the superior pubic and ischial rami. In addition, obturator externus is attached to the obturator membrane.

Gluteal Compartment Anatomy

Gluteal Compartment Anatomy

pediagenosis    May 05, 2021    Comment   

Gluteal Compartment Anatomy

The gluteal region or buttock forms part of the root of the limb. It overlies the dorsum of the ilium, ischium and sacrum and is continuous proximally with the lower trunk and distally with the posterior compartment of the thigh. Three substantial muscles (gluteus maximus, medius and minimus), covered by deep fascia and a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, form the bulk of the buttock and account for its surface contour. The gluteal fold, a prominent surface feature, lies at the junction of the buttock and thigh.

Gluteus maximus

This very large trapezoidal muscle is the most superficial in the buttock. Its fibres slope downwards and laterally (Fig. 6.28) and its lower edge passes obliquely across the gluteal fold. Some of the sensory nerves to the skin of the buttock penetrate the medial part of the muscle, while others emerge around its upper and lower borders. Proximally, the muscle has an extensive attachment: to the ilium behind the posterior gluteal line, to the lower part of the sacrum, to the coccyx, to the sacrotuberous ligament and to the thoracolumbar (lumbar) and gluteal fasciae. A synovial bursa is usually present where it crosses the ischial tuberosity. Distally, some of the deeper fibres are attached to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur (Fig. 6.29), but most of the muscle is attached through the iliotibial tract (Fig. 6.30) to the anterior surface of the lateral tibial condyle. The nerve supply is from the inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 & S2).

Coxal Bone Anatomy

Coxal Bone Anatomy

pediagenosis    October 20, 2020    Comment   

Coxal Bone Anatomy

Intermediate zone, Tuberculum, Outer lip, Ala of ilium (gluteal surface), Anterior superior iliac spine, Anterior inferior iliac spine, Lateral view, Medial view, Gluteal lines Anterior, Inferior, Posterior, Posterior superior iliac spine, Posterior inferior iliac spine, Greater sciatic notch, Body of ilium, Ischial spine, Lesser sciatic notch, Body of ischium, Ischial tuberosity, Ramus of ischium, Obturator foramen, Acetabulum, Lunate surface, 

Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lower Limb Anatomy

Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lower Limb Anatomy

pediagenosis    October 20, 2020    Comment   

Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lower Limb Anatomy

Great saphenous vein, Superficial lymph vessels, Great saphenous vein, Crural fascia, Fascia lata, Cribriform fascia within saphenous opening, Horizontal group: Superolateral nodes, Superomedial nodes, Vertical group: Inferior nodes, 

Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb Posterior View Anatomy

Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb Posterior View Anatomy

pediagenosis    October 20, 2020   

Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb: Posterior View Anatomy

Medial cluneal nerves (from dorsal rami of S1, 2, 3), Perforating cutaneous nerve (from ventral rami of S2, 3), Branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, Accessory saphenous vein, Cutaneous branches of obturator nerve, Great saphenous vein, Small saphenous vein, Branches of saphenous nerve, Medial calcaneal branches of tibial nerve, 

Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb Anterior View Anatomy

Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb Anterior View Anatomy

pediagenosis    October 20, 2020   

Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb: Anterior View Anatomy

Lateral cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve, Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s), Superficial circumflex iliac vein, Femoral branches of genitofemoral nerve, Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, Saphenous opening, Fascia lata, Anterior femoral cutaneous branches, Superficial epigastric vein, Ilioinguinal nerve (anterior scrotal branch) (usually passes through superficial inguinal ring), Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve,