Cross Section at T12–L1, Intervertebral Disc Anatomy

Cross Section at T12–L1, Intervertebral Disc Anatomy

pediagenosis    October 06, 2026    Comment   

Cross Section at T12–L1, Intervertebral Disc Anatomy

Transverse colon, Ascending colon (right colic flexure) (Common) bile duct, Descending (2nd) part of duodenum, Inferior vena cava, Right suprarenal gland, Superior pole of right kidney, Right crus of respiratory diaphragm, T12–L1 intervertebral disc,

Stomach in Situ Anatomy

Stomach in Situ Anatomy

pediagenosis    October 06, 2026    Comment   

Stomach in Situ Anatomy

Falciform ligament, Gallbladder, Pylorus, Caudate lobe of liver, Duodenum, Left lobe of liver, Head of pancreas, Hepatic portal vein, Inferior vena cava, Liver, left lobe, Body of pancreas, Superior mesenteric artery, Abdominal aorta, Hepatoduodenal ligament, Hepatogastric ligament, Lesser omentum, Abdominal part of esophagus, Cardiac notch (incisure), Fundus of stomach, Respiratory diaphragm.

Thorax Anatomy: Thoracic Cage, Lungs, Mediastinum, Heart & Major Structures

Thorax Anatomy: Thoracic Cage, Lungs, Mediastinum, Heart & Major Structures

pediagenosis    October 02, 2026    Comment   

LUNGS IN SITU: ANTERIOR VIEW

        Thorax

Before describing the anatomy of the heart, it is helpful to review other anatomic features of the thoracic cavity and organs. The thorax proper constitutes the upper part of the body or trunk, with a shape between a barrel and a truncated cone that is functionally favorable. Although the intrathoracic pressure is often subatmospheric, the chest wall is still able to retain its integrity by means of rather thin, lightweight skeletal elements. The thoracic cavity occupies only the upper part of the thoracic cage. The abdominal (peritoneal) cavity reaches upward as high as the lower tip of the sternum, affording protection to large, easily injured abdominal organs such as the liver, spleen, stomach, and kidneys.

Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections Anatomy

Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 29, 2026   

Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections Anatomy

Orbicularis oris muscle, Buccinator muscle, Buccopharyngeal fascia, Facial artery and vein, Pterygomandibular raphe, Lingual nerve and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, Buccal nerve and branches, Masseter muscle, Palatoglossus muscle in palatoglossal arch, Palatine tonsil, Palatopharyngeus muscle in palatopharyngeal arch, Ramus of mandible, Inferior alveolar artery, vein, and nerve to mylohyoid muscle, Medial pterygoid muscle, Styloglossus muscle.

Radioulnar Joints Anatomy: Proximal, Distal, Pronation & Supination

Radioulnar Joints Anatomy: Proximal, Distal, Pronation & Supination

pediagenosis    September 28, 2026   

Radioulnar Joints Anatomy

The radius and ulna articulate at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, which are synovial. At the proximal joint, the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna (Fig. 3.88). The head and neck are encircled by the anular ligament, which attaches to the anterior and posterior margins of the notch on the ulna (Fig. 3.92) and blends with the capsule and radial collateral ligament of the elbow. Thus the cavity of the proximal joint is continuous with that of the elbow.

Esophagus in Situ Anatomy

Esophagus in Situ Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 27, 2026    Comment   

Esophagus in Situ Anatomy

Common carotid artery, Anterior scalene muscle, Phrenic nerve, Posterior scalene muscle, Brachial plexus, Subclavian artery, Thyrocervical trunk, Vagus nerve (CN X) 1st rib (cut), Brachiocephalic trunk, Trachea, Arch of aorta, Arch of azygos vein, Right main bronchus, Thoracic part of esophagus, Esophageal plexus, Mediastinal part of parietal pleura (cut edge), Anterior vagal trunk (CN X), Inferior vena cava (cut), Hepatic veins (cut), 

Autonomic Nerves of Thorax Anatomy

Autonomic Nerves of Thorax Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 26, 2026   

Autonomic Nerves of Thorax Anatomy

Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion, Ansa subclavian, Cervical cardiac nerves (sympathetic and vagal), Thoracic (sympathetic) cardiac branches, Sympathetic trunk, Vagus nerve (CN X) (cut) and branches to cardiac and pulmonary plexuses, Thoracic (sympathetic) cardiac branches, Anterior pulmonary plexus, Gray and white rami communicantes, Posterior pulmonary plexus (protruding from behind right bronchus), 6th intercostal nerve, 6th thoracic ganglion, Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve, Sympathetic branch to esophageal plexus, Thoracic duct, 

Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements Anatomy

Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 25, 2026    Comment   

Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements Anatomy

Iliolumbar ligament, Iliac crest, Acetabular margin, Ischial tuberosity, Lesser sciatic foramen, Sacrotuberous ligament, Sacrospinous ligament, Anterior superior iliac spine, Greater sciatic foramen, Supraspinous ligament, Posterior sacral foramina, Iliac fossa, Iliolumbar ligament, Anterior longitudinal ligament, Pubic symphysis, Anterior sacrococcygeal ligaments, Pubic tubercle Ischiopubic ramus, Coccyx, Anterior sacral foramina, Anterior view, Superior pubic ramus, Lesser sciatic foramen, Anterior inferior iliac spine, Sacrospinous ligament, Sacrotuberous ligament, Anterior superior iliac spine, Greater sciatic foramen, Sacral promontory, Anterior sacroiliac ligament, Posterior view, Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament, Deep, Superficial, Posterior superior iliac spine, Posterior sacroiliac ligaments, Iliac tubercle, Tendon of long head of biceps femoris muscle

Renal Fasciae Anatomy

Renal Fasciae Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 25, 2026    Comment   

Renal Fasciae Anatomy

Lung, Liver, Bare area of liver, Peritoneum, Right kidney, Right colic (hepatic) flexure, Fibrous capsule of kidney, Anterior and posterior layers of renal (Gerota’s) fascia, Sagittal section through right kidney and lumbar region demonstrates vertical disposition of renal fascia Iliac crest, Quadratus lumborum muscle, Transversalis fascia 12th rib, Respiratory diaphragm,

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 25, 2026    Comment   

Obturator Nerve Anatomy

Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve, Genitofemoral nerve, Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, Femoral nerve, Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4), Posterior branch, Articular branch, Anterior branch, Posterior branch, Cutaneous branch, Articular branch, 

Arteries of Knee and Foot Anatomy

Arteries of Knee and Foot Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 24, 2026    Comment   

Arteries of Knee and Foot Anatomy

Femoral artery, Descending genicular artery, Articular branch, Saphenous branch, Superior medial genicular artery, Popliteal artery (phantom), Middle genicular artery (phantom), Inferior medial genicular artery (partially in phantom), Anterior tibial recurrent artery, Posterior tibial artery (phantom), Fibular artery (phantom), Deep plantar artery, 

Otic Ganglion: Schema Anatomy

Otic Ganglion: Schema Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 24, 2026    Comment   

Otic Ganglion: Schema Anatomy

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) Trigeminal ganglion, Lesser petrosal nerve, Chorda tympani, Trigeminal nerve (CN V), Facial nerve (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), Inferior salivatory nucleus, Pons, Otic ganglion, Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), Maxillary nerve (CN V2), Auriculotemporal nerve, 

Ureters in Abdomen and Pelvis Anatomy

Ureters in Abdomen and Pelvis Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 24, 2026    Comment   

Ureters in Abdomen and Pelvis Anatomy

Right kidney, Duodenum, Superior mesenteric artery, Right colic artery, Right ureter, Ileocolic artery, Testicular vessels, Common iliac artery, Internal iliac artery, External iliac artery, Middle rectal artery, Left kidney, Left ureter, Inferior mesenteric artery, Left colic artery, Sigmoid arteries, Superior rectal artery (cut), Genitofemoral nerve, Inferior vesical artery,

Nerves of Upper Limb Anatomy

Nerves of Upper Limb Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 23, 2026   

Nerves of Upper Limb Anatomy

Musculocutaneous nerve (dominant nerve to anterior compartment muscles of arm), Median nerve (dominant nerve to anterior compartment muscles of forearm and thenar eminence muscles), Ulnar nerve (dominant nerve to muscles of hand and to flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus muscle in forearm), 

Pelvic Diaphragm: Male Anatomy

Pelvic Diaphragm: Male Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 22, 2026    Comment   

Pelvic Diaphragm: Male Anatomy

Pubic symphysis (viscera removed), Pubic crest, Pubic tubercle, Pecten pubis, Superior ramus of pubis, Obturator canal, Obturator fascia, Iliopubic eminence, Acetabular margin, Anterior inferior iliac spine, Ala of ilium, Arcuate line, Transverse perineal ligament (anterior thickening of Perineal membrane), Ischial spine, Sacroiliac joint, Sacrum, Sacral canal Anorectal hiatus, Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament, Anterior sacral (pelvic) foramina, Piriformis muscle, Inferior (arcuate) pubic ligament, Hiatus for deep dorsal vein of penis, Hiatus for urethra, Muscle fibers from levator ani to conjoined longitudinal muscle of anal canal, Puboanalis (puborectalis), Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus, Levator ani muscle, Tendinous arch of, levator ani muscle, Obturator internus muscle, Coccygeus muscle

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Schema Anatomy

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Schema Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 20, 2026    Comment   

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Schema Anatomy

Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), Tentorial branch, Nasociliary nerve, Lacrimal nerve, Frontal nerve, Branch to ciliary ganglion, Ciliary ganglion, Posterior ethmoidal nerve, Long ciliary nerve, Short ciliary nerves, Anterior ethmoidal nerve, Supraorbital nerve, Supratrochlear nerve, Infratrochlear nerve, Internal nasal branches and, External nasal branches of anterior ethmoidal nerve, Maxillary nerve (CN V2), Meningeal branch, Zygomaticotemporal branch, Zygomaticofacial branch, Zygomatic nerve

Cell Nucleus: Structure, Function, Chromatin, Nucleolus and Nuclear Envelope

Cell Nucleus: Structure, Function, Chromatin, Nucleolus and Nuclear Envelope

pediagenosis    September 19, 2026   

FIGURE 4.1 • Composite cell designed to show in one cell all of the various components of the nucleus and cytoplasm. (From McConnell T. H., Hull K. L. (2011). Human form human function: Essentials of anatomy & physiology (p. 70). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.)

The Nucleus

The nucleus of the cell appears as a rounded or elongated structure situated near the center of the cell (see Fig. 4.1). All eukaryotic cells have at least one nucleus (prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a nucleus and nuclear membrane). Some cells contain more than one nucleus; osteoclasts (a type of bone cell) typically contain 12 nuclei or more. The platelet-producing cell, the megakaryocyte, has only one nucleus but usually contains 16 times the normal chromatin amount.

Attachments of Muscles of Forearm: Anterior View Anatomy

Attachments of Muscles of Forearm: Anterior View Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 18, 2026    Comment   

Attachments of Muscles of Forearm: Anterior View Anatomy

Brachioradialis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle, Supinator muscle, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris muscles, Common extensor tendon, Brachialis muscle, Biceps brachii muscle, Supinator muscle, Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (radial head), 

Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Liver Anatomy

Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Liver Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 17, 2026    Comment   

Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Liver Anatomy

Perisinusoidal spaces (Disse) very narrow or obliterated, Connective tissue of portal triad, Perisinusoidal space (Disse), Sinusoid, Perisinusoidal spaces (Disse) markedly widened, Periportal space (Mall), Superior phrenic nodes (at termination of inferior vena cava), 

Cross Section at T10, Esophagogastric Junction Anatomy

Cross Section at T10, Esophagogastric Junction Anatomy

pediagenosis    September 17, 2026    Comment   

Cross Section at T10, Esophagogastric Junction Anatomy

Rectus abdominis muscle, Liver, Right crus of respiratory diaphragm (forming right boundary of esophageal hiatus), Inferior vena cava, Serratus anterior muscle, Azygos vein, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Inferior lobe of right lung in costodiaphragmatic recess,